简介:本文是英语和大学有关硕士论文开题报告范文跟英语四级相关毕业论文格式范文.
（一）
Directions： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a Hope elementary school organized by your Student Union. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.
本次大学英语四级考试的作文试题要求考生为校报写一篇新闻,内容是一次由学生会组织的参观希望小学的活动.这是自1987年开始大学英语四、六级考试以来第一次考查英语新闻的写作,不少考生感到束手无策.其实考生对英语新闻的文体特点都是有所了解的,完全可以依葫芦画瓢写出这篇新闻报道.
一篇英语新闻一般由四个部分构成：标题、署名、导语和主体.新闻标题讲究短小精悍、言简意赅,为此常常省去虚词.此外,英语新闻的标题一般用现在时表示一个过去的事实,以凸显新闻的时效性.因此,本题中的新闻标题可以写Shanghai University Students Visit Hope Primary School.
标题之后是记者的署名,我们不妨假设记者叫李明（Li Ming）.
署名之后是导语.导语是新闻的起始部分.
最后是新闻的主体,按一定顺序交代其他新闻事实.
新闻的叙事方式与一般的记叙文有很大不同.从结构上说,英语新闻一般采用倒金字塔结构.这种结构产生于美国独立战争时期,由美联社记者率先使用.为了在激烈的新闻竞争抢先发稿,记者们在长期的实践中形成了这种独特的写作规范.其特点是新闻的第一段（即导语）用简练的语言把最有新闻价值的事实表达出来,让读者看完这段文字之后就能获悉新闻的主要内容.因此,新闻的首段一般包含五个W（who, what, where, when, why）和一个H（how）中最重要的因素.接下来,记者按照重要性递减的顺序依次交代其他新闻事实.一般来说,按照倒金字塔结构写出的英语新闻没有结尾,止其当所止,即事实交代清楚了,新闻也就自然结束了.这种结构的优点显而易见：第一,方便记者写作;第二,方便编辑改稿;第三,方便读者阅读.所以它一经产生便风靡西方新闻界,一百多年来一直被奉为新闻写作的圭臬.
我们写这篇英语新闻,最好也采用倒金字塔结构,在导语里告诉读者最重要的新闻事实：上海大学的学生参观一所希望小学.新闻报道讲究具体,因此我们不妨假设这所小学叫红星希望小学,位于江西省吉安县的一个贫困地区.在导语之后,依次交代其他新闻事实,譬如这所小学的概况、校长带领参观者参观校园、参观者向该校学生捐赠书包和文具等.
此外,英语新闻的行文风格也迥然不同于专著文章.为了增加易读性（readability）,英语新闻段落短小精悍,一般一句一段,一段只说一层意思.下面请看参考范文：
Shanghai University Students Visit Hope Primary School
By Li Ming
Fifteen students of Shanghai University visited a Hope elementary school in a poverty-stricken area of Ji’an County, Jiangxi Province on June 5.
Hongxing Hope Elementary school, which serves 59 students from three villages in the vicinity, is a two-storied building with a floor area of 1073 square meters.
Jiang Lei, headmaster of the school, showed the visitors around the campus and briefed them about the school.
“Most of the pupils here are left-behind children whose parents work in coastal cities far away from home,” Jiang said. “So the majority of them are boarders.”
Zhang Wei, chairman of the Student Union of Shanghai University who organized the event, donated books, schoolbags and stationery to the pupils on behalf of the visitors.
“I’m very grateful to the older brothers and sisters from Shanghai University,” said Jiang Yingying, a two-grader, holding a new schoolbag. “I will study harder in return for their kindness.” （172 words）
语言亮点借鉴：
1. Hongxing Hope Elementary School, which serves 59 students from three villages in the vicinity, is a two-storied building with a floor area of 1073 square meters. 紅星希望小学是一座两层的建筑,建筑面积1073平方米.该校有59名学生,来自附近的三个村庄.in the vicinity 附近.
2. Jiang Lei, headmaster of the school, showed the visitors around the campus and briefed them about the school. 这所小学的校长姜磊带领参观者看了校园并向他们简要介绍了这所小学.brief sb about sth 向某人介绍某事物.
3. “Most of the pupils here are left-behind children whose parents work in coastal cities far away from home,” Jiang said. “So the majority of them are boarders.” 姜磊說：“这所学校的大部分学生都是留守儿童,他们的父母远离家乡在沿海城市打工,所以大部分学生住校.”left-behind children 留守儿童.boarder 住宿生.
4. “I’m very grateful to the older brothers and sisters from Shanghai University,” said Jiang Yingying, a two-grader, holding a new schoolbag. 二年级学生姜莹莹拿着一个新书包说：“我非常感谢来自上海大学的大哥哥和大姐姐们.”holding a new schoolbag是现在分词短语做状语,表示伴随动作.
(二)
Directions： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a local farm organized by your Student Union. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
本题要求考生为校报写一篇新闻,内容是一次由学生会组织的参观当地农场的活动.就本题而言,由于题中新闻是接近于旅游特写的软新闻,我们不妨把导语写得“软”一点儿,从描述农场的景色入手,开篇就把读者带到绵延起伏、鲜花盛开、绿意葱茏、溪水潺潺的农场上.主体部分可以依次介绍大学生参观农场的各种活动,最后引用新闻当事人的话,以揭示这次参观的意义.下面请看参考范文：
Shanghai University Students Visit Local Farm
By Li Ming
Rolling pastures, blooming flowers, lush woodlands and gurgling streams came into sight when 25 students of Shanghai University arrived at Hongxing Farm on June 5, which is a three-hour drive from Shanghai.
The students busied themselves picking strawberries, feeding the livestock, milking the cow or collecting eggs as soon as they arrived at the farm.
After a picnic lunch, some canoed on the lake, some pedaled around on loaner bikes, and some lounged in a hammock in the shade.
“What a cool experience it is living close to the natural world,” exclaimed Li Min, a sophomore majoring in mathematics, cuddling a baby goat.
“This is a rare opportunity for college students to see what it’s really like to work on a farm,” said Zhang Wei, chairman of the Student Union, who organized the event, adding that it’s easy to romanticize farm life, but in fact it’s pretty hard. （167 words）
语言亮点借鉴：
1. Rolling pastures, blooming flowers, lush woodlands and gurgling streams came into sight when 25 students of Shanghai University arrived at Hongxing Farm on June 5, which is a three-hour drive from Shanghai. 6月5日,当25名上海大学的学生来到红星农场时,起伏的牧场、盛开的鲜花、茂盛的树林和汩汩流淌的小溪映入眼帘.该农场距离上海三个小时的车程.come into sight 映入眼帘.
2. “What a cool experience it is living close to the natural world,” exclaimed Li Min, a sophomore majoring in mathematics, cuddling a baby goat. 数学专业的大二学生李敏搂着一只小羊羔大声说：“和大自然一起生活真是太棒了.”majoring in mathematics是现在分词短语做定语,修饰sophomore.cuddling a baby goat是现在分词短语做状语,表示伴随动作.
3. “This is a rare opportunity for college students to see what it’s really like to work on a farm,” said Zhang Wei, chairman of the Student Union, who organized the event, adding that it’s easy to romanticize farm life, but in fact it’s pretty hard. 组织这次活动的学生会主席张伟说：“这是一个难得的机会,让大学生们看看在农场工作的真实情况.”他补充说,人们容易把农场生活浪漫化,但其实农场生活很辛苦.adding that是现在分词短语做状语,表示伴随动作.romanticize把等浪漫化.
(三)
Directions： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to assist elderly people in the neighborhood. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.
本题要求考生为校报写一篇新闻,报道由学生会组织的一次志愿者活动.就本题而言,我们可以在第一段中交代最重要的新闻事实——15名上海大学的志愿者到红星养老院做社区服务.接着,交代他们的具体活动：一些人做清洁,一些人教老年人上网或使用智能手机,一些人陪老年人聊天等.最后,引用志愿者、组织者和护士长的话,揭示新闻事实的意义.
英语新闻的一个鲜明特点是大量使用引语.引用分为直接引语（Direction quote）、间接引语（Indirect quote）和部分引语（Partial quote）三种.直接引语是记者原原本本地引用新闻人物的话,并放在引号里面;间接引语是记者转述新闻人物的话,不放在引号里面;部分引语是记者将新闻人物的原话的一部分放在引号中加以引用,而其余部分由记者转述.引语,尤其是直接引语,能有效地增加新闻的易读性.这是因为：第一,引语能增加新闻的现场感和真实感,使读者如见其人,如闻其声;第二,引语能巧妙地表达记者的观点.英语新闻强调客观、公正、平衡,但其实暗藏玄机.记者在新闻中引用哪个人的话,不引用哪个人的话,以及引用哪句话,都体现了记者的立场.所以,虽然记者不会直接在新闻中发表观点,但会通过新闻人物之口表达自己的看法.譬如,我们在这篇新闻中可以通过引用志愿者、组织者和护士长等人的话,间接地表达自己对这次志愿者活动的看法.下面请看参考范文：
Shanghai University Students Help Senior Citizens
By Li Ming
Hongxing Nursing Home was a hive of activity on the morning of June 5 as fifteen volunteers from Shanghai University was doing community service.
Some did the cleaning, some taught the elderly to surf the Internet or use the art phone, and some chatted with the elders.
“Senior citizens made their contribution to the society,” a volunteer surnamed Li said during a short break from scrubbing the floor. “It is our moral duty to give them the respect and love they deserve.”
“It is also in the interest of the younger to help the elderly,” said Zhang Wei, chairman of the Student Union of Shanghai University who organized this event. “Senior citizens he a lifetime of experience. They always he a thing or two to teach us.”
Liu Yuan, matron at the nursing facility, praised the volunteer work as “most welcome,” adding that the elderly here really appreciate the students’ company. （171 words）
语言亮点借鉴：
1. Hongxing Nursing Home was a hive of activity on the morning of June 5 as fifteen volunteers from Shanghai University was doing community service. 6月5日早上,紅星养老院里一派繁忙景象.15名来自上海大学的志愿者正在做社区服务.a hive of activity 繁忙的场所.
2. “Senior citizens made their contribution to the society,” a volunteer surnamed Li said during a short break from scrubbing the floor. “It is our moral duty to give them the respect and love they deserve.” 一位姓李的志愿者在擦地板的短暂休息期间说：“老年人为社会做出了贡献,我们有道义上的责任给予他们爱和尊敬.这是他们应该得到的.”
3. Liu Yuan, matron at the nursing facility, praised the volunteer work as “most welcome,” adding that the elderly here really appreciate the students’ company. 该养老院的护士长刘媛称赞这次志愿者工作“非常受欢迎”,她还说这里的老年人真心感谢学生们的陪伴.matron at the nursing facility是名词短语,做Liu Yuan的同位语. □
总结：本文结论：上述文章是关于英语四级方面的大学硕士和本科毕业论文范文,可作为英语和大学相关论文开题报告写作参考和职称论文写作文献资料.
英语四级引用文献:
[1] 英语教学论文范文 英语教学大学毕业论文范文2000字
[2] 高中英语论文范文 高中英语相关大学毕业论文范文2万字
[3] 高中英语论文范文 高中英语类大学毕业论文范文2万字
