句式本科论文范文关于红楼梦论文参考文献范文2万字有关写作资料-论文写作网

红楼梦论文范文

摘要：《红楼梦》从成书到现在已有二百余年的历史,其间曾数次被译成外国文字,以飨外国读者.其中有两种译本影响较大：一种是The Dream of Red Mansions,由杨宪益,戴乃迭夫妇翻译; 另一种是The Story of the Stone, 由戴卫·霍克斯和约翰·敏福德合译.众所周知,《红楼梦》精于炼句,善于选择运用各种不同的句式.这其中包括着大量文言句式,而这两种译本对文言句式的处理有其独特的理解,因而本文将从文言句式角度出发来探讨不同译本中《红楼梦》的句子修辞和翻译.

关键词：《红楼梦》;杨宪益;霍克斯

一文言句式的对比研究

1. 宝钗正在地下看壁上的字画,听如此说一则,便边点一回头,说完便笑道：“善哉,三年之内无饥馑矣！”[3]

“Very good！” Baochai, who was standing looking at the scrolls on the walls, nodded approvingly. “Within three years an end will be put to famine.” （A sentence from the Analects of Confucius.）[2]

“‘And after three years there shall be no more famine nor hunger in the land” ’,Bao-chai intoned. （She had wandered off in the course of Tan-Chun’s exposition and was examining some calligraphy on the wall.） [1]

对于这句引文的赏析,我们可以从所用句式的不同入手：杨译用了一个简洁精炼的被动句,给人一种正式,严肃之感,而霍译用there be结构,则显得比较朴实平白,略有一种口语化的随意,与原文的文言句式相差甚远.另外,杨译在该页对这句读起来与上下文有些格格不入的话做了脚注,解释了“三年之内无饥馑矣”这句话的出处,使译文读者可以有选择地去阅读和了解中国传统文化.霍译则在此处将原文做了一种“不信”的处理：将原本是正文的文字内容翻译成英文后,置于括号之中,变成了解释性文字置于句末,这一举措或者是出于上下文连贯之需要,但无疑是对原文的“不信”,或称篡改,实在不妥.

2. 邢夫人苦留吃过晚饭去,黛玉笑回道：“舅母爱惜赐饭,原不应辞,只是还要过去拜见二舅舅,恐领了赐去不恭,异日再领,未为不可.望舅母容谅.”邢夫人道：“这也罢了.”[3]

“Thank you very much, aunt, you’re too kind,” said Daiyu. “Really I shouldn’t decline. But it might look rude if I delayed in calling on my second uncle. Please excuse me and let me stay another time.”[2]

But Dai-yu ilingly replied that though it was very kind of her aunt to offer, and though she ought really not to refuse, nevertheless she still had to pay her respects to her Uncle Zheng, and feared that it would be disrespectful if she were to arrive late. She hoped that she might accept on another occasion and begged her aunt to excuse her.[1]

在上层社会初次见面的社交场合,作者给黛玉安排了这样的文言句式的辞令表现出了她应有的礼貌素养.从语法的角度讲,两译本对原文主人公的对话分别采用了直接引语和间接引语的译法.杨译出于原文形式的考虑,采用了直接引语中一问一答的译法;其中的霍译文中,虽然人物并未直接出场,但译者采用了白描的手法,把一个满腹学识的高门女子形象,刻画得具体而生动.虽然这样间接引语的用法是一种对原文形式上的背离.但是,我们在进行翻译时,刻板地拘泥于原文的句式结构是断不可取的.所以霍译的译法也是有其道理所在的,我们不能简单地把它理解为是一种对原文的“不信”.