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血管性痴呆和阿尔茨海默病血清炎症因子、临床生化指标的变化

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简介:该文是有关血管性痴呆和老年痴呆论文范文与临床相关在职开题报告范文.

血管性痴呆和老年痴呆论文范文

【摘 要】 目的:分析檢测血管性痴呆(VD)和阿尔茨海默病(AD)血清炎症因子和临床生化指标的变化,为临床提供检测依据.方法:选取AD患者50例(AD组)和VD患者50例(VD组)以及收集同期健康老年人体检合格者50例作为正常对照组进行研究,检测三组血清炎症因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、人白细胞介素-1α(IL-1α)和人白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)]和生化指标[载脂蛋白E(apoE)、载脂蛋白B(apoB)、载脂蛋白A(apoA)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和甘油三酯(TG)],比较三组各指标的变化.结果:AD组和VD组TNF-α、IL-6及IL-1β均明显高于正常对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但AD组和VD组相比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);三组IL-1α比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).与正常对照组相比,AD组和VD组中LDL-C、TG和Hcy均明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),HDL-C和apoA均明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);AD组和VD组TG相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但两组其他指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);三组TC、apoB和apoE比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:血清炎症因子和生化指标为VD和AD在临床上的诊断提供了一定的检测依据.

【关键词】 血管性痴呆 阿尔茨海默病 血清炎症因子 生化指标

Changes of Serum Inflammatory Factors and Clinical Biochemical Indicators in Vascular Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease/WANG Jing, DU Hongxing. //Medical Innovation of China, 2020, 17(09): 0-044

[Abstract] Objective: To analyze the changes of serum inflammatory factors and clinical biochemical markers in patients with vascular dementia (VD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and providing evidence for clinical examination. Method: A total of 50 patients with AD (AD group) and 50 patients with VD (VD group), and 50 healthy old people who passed the physical examination in the same period were collected as the normal control group. The serum inflammatory factor [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), human interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and human interleukin-1β (IL-1β)] and biochemical markers [Lipoprotein E (apoE), apolipoprotein B (apoB), apolipoprotein A (apoA), homocysteine (Hcy), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG)] of three groups were detected, the changes in various indicators of three groups were compared. Result: The TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in AD group and VD group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences between AD group and VD group (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in IL-1α among three groups (P>0.05). Compared with the normal control group, LDL-C, TG and Hcy in AD group and VD group were significantly increased, the HDL-C and apoA were significantly lower, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). TG of AD group and VD group compared, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), and the differences of other indexes in two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in TC, apoB and apoE among three groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Serum inflammatory factors and biochemical indicators provide a basis for the clinical diagnosis of VD and AD.

[Key words] Vascular dementia Alzheimer’s disease Serum inflammatory factors Biochemical indicators

First-author’s address: Shenyang Anning Hospital, Shenyang 110000, China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2020.09.010

世界上几乎每个国家都有老年痴呆症患者,尽管营养不良、贫困、战争和传染病导致死亡,但预计世界上最不发达和发展中地区的痴呆率将以惊人的速度增加.老年性痴呆最常见的疾病类型是阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)和血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,VD)[1].AD约占痴呆症病例的三分之二,虽然AD是最常见的痴呆诊断,但老年痴呆症病例除了β-淀粉样蛋白(斑块)和含tau聚集体(神经原纤维缠结)的典型AD病理外,还显示组织学改变[2-7].这些额外的非AD病理变化,通常是血管、路易小体或TAR DNA结合蛋白(TDP)-43病理,发生在患有临床AD的患者以及其他类型的痴呆中[8-9].对于大多数类型的痴呆症,目前还没有已知的治疗或预防措施.饮食和生活方式可能会影响风险,研究表明,影响血管系统疾病的中年病史,如高血压、2型糖尿病和肥胖,均会增加患痴呆症的风险,包括阿尔茨海默病(AD)[10-13].在中国,49%的痴呆患者被归类为正常老龄化,仅21%患者有足够的诊断评估[14].本研究通过检测VD和AD血清炎症因子和生化指标的变化,从而为临床诊断提供检测依据.现报道如下.

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料 分别选取2018年1-9月本院收治的AD患者50例(AD组)和VD患者50例(VD组),另收集同期健康老年人体检合格者50例作为正常对照组进行研究.AD诊断标准按美国国立神经病语言交流障碍和卒中研究所老年性痴呆及相关疾病学会,进行简易汉密顿抑郁量表(Hamilton depression scale,HAMD)[15]、智能精神状态量表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)[16]、汉密顿焦虑量表(Hamilton anxiety scale,HAMA)评定[17].VD依据中华医学会神经学分会制定的标准确诊[18].正常对照组经询问均无神经性疾病史.纳入标准:年龄40岁以上;根据《精神疾病诊断与统计》第四版(D-IV)的标准[19],受试者符合诊断AD或VD或混合性AD和VD的标准;轻度至中度痴呆(MMSE分数定义为10~24分);能够阅读、编写、交流和理解认知测试说明;拥有负责任的护理员,每天与患者共度足够的时间;在研究期间,护理人员将陪同患者进行所有门诊就诊,并监督所有研究用药要求和伴随用药.排除标准:具有其他脑部疾病(硬膜下血肿,创伤后/手术后)的放射学证据;患除AD和VD以外的其他脑部疾病引起的痴呆[如帕金森病、中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病、肿瘤、脑积水、头部受伤、中枢神经系统感染(包括梅毒)、获得性免疫缺陷综合征等];由研究人员判断为不适合进入研究的肺、肝、胃肠、代谢、内分泌或其他威胁生命疾病的临床证据;最近3个月患有临床不稳定的高血压、糖尿病和心脏病;筛查前3个月曾因中风或急性冠状动脉综合征住院;在筛选的前12个月内滥用药物或酗酒;对研究产品和媒介的任何成分过敏或已知过敏.三组均无糖尿病史、肥胖、甲状腺疾病和肝脏、肾脏疾病.该研究已经学委员会批准,患者知情同意.

1.2 方法 采集三组清晨空腹静脉血,分离血清于EP管中在-20 ℃保存备用,用于检测患者生化指标和血性炎症因子,避免反复冻存.炎症因子水平检测分别采用酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA),由美国R&D公司提供.放射免疫测定法(radioimmunoassay,RIA),由北京北方科技有限公司提供,检测过程中严格按照试剂盒操作说明书进行操作.生化指标测定采用日立7180全自动生化分析仪进行测定,测定步骤严格按照试剂盒操作说明书进行,均严格执行质量控制要求,按标准操作程序(standard operation procedure,SOP)文件进行.

1.3 观察指标 血清炎症因子指标:肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumour necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、人白细胞介素-1α(interleukin-1α,IL-1α)和人白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β).生化指标:载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E,apoE)、载脂蛋白B(apolipoprotein B,apoB)、载脂蛋白A(apolipoprotein A,apoA)、同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)、总胆固醇(totalcholesterol,TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)和甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG).

1.4 统计学处理 采用SPSS 13.0软件对所得数据进行统计分析,计量资料用(x±s)表示,两组间比较采用t检验,组内比较采用配对t检验,多组间比较采用方差分析;计數资料以率(%)表示,比较采用字2检验.以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义.

2 结果

2.1 三组一般资料 AD组男27例,女23例,平均年龄(75.21±12.52)岁.VD组男26例,女24例,平均年龄(74.85±13.15)岁.正常对照组男23例,女27例,平均年龄(76.74±16.37)岁.三组性别、年龄资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性.

2.2 三組血清炎症因子检测结果比较 AD组和VD组TNF-α、IL-6及IL-1β均明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05),但AD组和VD组相比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);三组IL-1α比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).见表1.

2.3 三组生化指标检测结果比较 与正常对照组相比,AD组和VD组LDL-C、TG和Hcy均明显增高(P<0.05),HDL-C和apoA均明显降低(P<0.05);AD组和VD组TG相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其他指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);三组TC、apoB和apoE比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).见表2.

3 讨论

AD是痴呆最常见的病因,占所有痴呆病例的50%~75%[20-21].尽管之前进行了大量的研究工作,但对AD的保护和致病因素的作用机制仍不清楚,在过去的十年中,没有新的药物问世,现有的药物只是暂时稳定部分患者的症状,但并没有缓解病情的发展[22-23].这种失败体现在临床失败率极高(99.6%),是生物医学研究领域中最高的[24-26].

传统的AD研究大多都是基于动物模型的,通常是转基因(Tg)和近交系小鼠,以试图概括人类疾病的遗传和病理特征[27].然而,Tg动物,尽管存在几种典型的AD特征,如淀粉样蛋白β形成、神经炎斑块、神经原纤维缠结(NFT)、神经胶质增生、突触改变和神经退化的迹象,但不会发展人类AD的临床病理复杂性[28-31].此外,似乎在这些模型中有效的治疗方法还没有转化到人类身上[27,32-34],这表明动物模型和人类状态之间存在明显的脱节,研究者没有充分考虑这一点.动物模型的另一个问题是它们也可能产生假阴性数据,导致临床研究中可能对人类有效的化合物被排除在外.但最近据报道,痴呆症的发病率在西欧趋于稳定,但这主要归因于预防措施和生活条件的改善[35].类似地,弗雷明汉心脏研究报告称,在30年的过程中血管风险因素和与心力衰竭、中风或心房颤动相关的痴呆风险有所下降[36].

然而研究显示免疫炎症反应是AD发病的重要机制之一[37].本研究结果显示,AD组和VD组TNF-α、IL-6及IL-1β均明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05),但AD组和VD组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);三组IL-1α比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).生化指标检测发现,与正常对照组相比,AD组和VD组LDL-C、TG和Hcy均明显增高(P<0.05),HDL-C和apoA均明显降低(P<0.05);AD组和VD组TG相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其他指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);三组TC、apoB和apoE比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).本研究同时检测了AD组和VD组炎症因子和生化指标,其可用于辅助诊断AD和VD,对AD和VD的鉴别诊断也有一定的价值.对于此现象,笔者将在后续研究中加大样本量进一步验证,深入探讨高炎症反应、高Hcy血症和高脂血症与AD和VD发病的关系,进一步预防和治疗AD和VD的发病.

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(收稿日期:2019-09-24) (本文編辑:程旭然)

通信作者:王静

总结:上文结束语,本文是一篇关于对写作临床论文范文与课题研究的大学硕士、血管性痴呆和老年痴呆本科毕业论文血管性痴呆和老年痴呆论文开题报告范文和相关文献综述及职称论文参考文献资料有帮助.

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